Refinery Product Specifications

Typical on-spec properties for gasoline, jet, diesel, and residual products — ASTM, EN, and state CARB references.

Gasoline

Finished Gasoline Specifications (US) · Source: ASTM D4814, EPA RFG/CG standards | Rev 1 — 2026-04-13

Property	Test Method	Unit	Regular (87 AKI)	Premium (91-93 AKI)	Notes / Standard
Antiknock Index (R+M)/2	ASTM D2699/D2700	AKI	87 min	91–93 min	ASTM D4814 Table 1
Reid Vapor Pressure (Summer)	ASTM D5191	psi	7.0–9.0	7.0–9.0	EPA Class B/C; varies by state
Reid Vapor Pressure (Winter)	ASTM D5191	psi	≤15.0	≤15.0	ASTM D4814 Class A
Distillation T10	ASTM D86	°F	≤158	≤158	ASTM D4814
Distillation T50	ASTM D86	°F	170–250	170–250	ASTM D4814
Distillation T90	ASTM D86	°F	≤374	≤374	ASTM D4814
Distillation EP	ASTM D86	°F	≤437	≤437	ASTM D4814
Sulfur Content	ASTM D5453	ppm	≤10	≤10	EPA Tier 3 (2017+)
Benzene	ASTM D3606	vol%	≤0.62	≤0.62	EPA MSAT2 annual avg
Olefins	ASTM D1319	vol%	≤25	≤25	CARB limit (CA)
Aromatics	ASTM D1319	vol%	≤25–35	≤25–35	CARB ≤25; federal ≤35 typ
Oxygen (ethanol)	ASTM D5599	wt%	≤3.5 (E10)	≤3.5 (E10)	EPA 10 vol% ethanol max
Copper Corrosion	ASTM D130	strip rating	No. 1	No. 1	ASTM D4814
Oxidation Stability	ASTM D525	minutes	≥240	≥240	ASTM D4814

Diesel

Ultra-Low Sulfur Diesel (ULSD) Specifications · Source: ASTM D975 No. 2-D S15 | Rev 1 — 2026-04-13

Property	Test Method	Unit	ULSD Limit	Typical Value	Notes
Sulfur	ASTM D5453	ppm	≤15	8–12	EPA ULSD requirement (2006+)
Cetane Number	ASTM D613	—	≥40	42–52	ASTM D975; premium diesel ≥45
Cetane Index	ASTM D4737	—	≥40	45–50	Calculated, no improver effect
Flash Point	ASTM D93	°F	≥125	140–175	ASTM D975 Table 1
Cloud Point	ASTM D2500	°F	Report	5 to 20	Varies by region/season
Distillation T90	ASTM D86	°F	≤640	580–620	ASTM D975
Kinematic Viscosity @ 104°F	ASTM D445	cSt	1.9–4.1	2.2–3.2	ASTM D975
API Gravity	ASTM D287	°API	30–42	33–38	Typical range
Ash Content	ASTM D482	wt%	≤0.01	<0.005	ASTM D975
Carbon Residue (10% btms)	ASTM D524	wt%	≤0.35	0.10–0.25	ASTM D975
Water & Sediment	ASTM D2709	vol%	≤0.05	<0.02	ASTM D975
Copper Corrosion	ASTM D130	strip	No. 3 max	No. 1	ASTM D975
Lubricity (HFRR)	ASTM D6079	µm	≤520	400–500	ASTM D975 (2005+)
Conductivity	ASTM D2624	pS/m	≥25	50–300	With static dissipator additive

Jet Fuel

Jet A / Jet A-1 Specifications · Source: ASTM D1655, DEF STAN 91-091 | Rev 1 — 2026-04-13

Property	Test Method	Unit	Jet A	Jet A-1	Notes
Density @ 59°F	ASTM D4052	kg/m³	775–840	775–840	ASTM D1655
Flash Point	ASTM D56	°F	≥100	≥100	ASTM D1655
Freeze Point	ASTM D5972	°F	≤-40	≤-53	Key difference Jet A vs A-1
Viscosity @ -4°F	ASTM D445	cSt	≤8.0	≤8.0	ASTM D1655
Net Heat of Combustion	ASTM D3338	BTU/lb	≥18,400	≥18,400	ASTM D1655 / MJ/kg ≥42.8
Sulfur (total)	ASTM D4294	wt%	≤0.30	≤0.30	ASTM D1655
Mercaptan Sulfur	ASTM D3227	wt%	≤0.003	≤0.003	ASTM D1655
Naphthalenes	ASTM D1840	vol%	≤3.0	≤3.0	ASTM D1655
Smoke Point	ASTM D1322	mm	≥18	≥18	Or ≥25 if naphthalenes ≤3.0
Distillation IBP	ASTM D86	°F	Report	Report	ASTM D1655
Distillation T10	ASTM D86	°F	≤401	≤401	ASTM D1655
Distillation EP	ASTM D86	°F	≤572	≤572	ASTM D1655
Copper Corrosion	ASTM D130	strip	No. 1	No. 1	ASTM D1655
MSEP (microseparometer)	ASTM D3948	rating	≥85	≥85	Water separation

Sources

Sources & Standards

ASTM D4814-23	Standard Specification for Automotive Spark-Ignition Engine Fuel
ASTM D975-23a	Standard Specification for Diesel Fuel
ASTM D1655-23a	Standard Specification for Aviation Turbine Fuels
40 CFR Part 80	EPA Fuel Standards — Tier 3 Gasoline Sulfur, RFG, ULSD
DEF STAN 91-091	UK MoD Turbine Fuel, Kerosine Type, Jet A-1 (NATO F-35)
CARB	California Air Resources Board — reformulated gasoline specs

Source: Refinery_Product_Specifications_v1.xlsx

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