Fuel Heating Values Reference

Higher and lower heating values, density, and typical composition for common fuel gases, liquid fuels, and refinery streams.

Fuel HHV LHV

Fuel	Formula	MW (g/mol)	HHV (Btu/lb)	LHV (Btu/lb)	HHV (MJ/kg)	LHV (MJ/kg)	HHV gas (Btu/scf)	Density gas (lb/scf @ 60F,1atm)	Notes	Source
Hydrogen	H2	2.016	60958	51571	141.8	119.96	325	0.00532	Cryogenic or compressed gas; PEM/Alk electrolyzer product	DOE H2A; NIST WebBook
Methane	CH4	16.043	23892	21503	55.5	50	1011	0.04235	Natural gas surrogate	GPSA Sec 23; NIST
Ethane	C2H6	30.07	22323	20416	51.9	47.45	1769	0.07943	NGL component	GPSA Sec 23
Propane	C3H8	44.097	21661	19944	50.35	46.36	2516	0.11647	LPG; HD-5 spec	GPSA Sec 23
n-Butane	C4H10	58.124	21304	19657	49.5	45.69	3262	0.15349	NGL/LPG	GPSA Sec 23
Methanol	CH3OH	32.042	9755	8588	22.68	19.96	-	-	Liquid fuel; M85/M100; eFuel	Perry's Ch 24
Ethanol	C2H5OH	46.069	12780	11551	29.71	26.85	-	-	E10/E85 blend; sugar/cellulose feedstock	Perry's Ch 24
Ammonia	NH3	17.031	9712	8001	22.58	18.6	386	0.045	Carrier for H2; toxic	DOE H2A; NIST
DMC (Dimethyl Carbonate)	C3H6O3	90.078	6275	5820	14.59	13.53	-	-	eFuel candidate	Perry's
DME (Dimethyl Ether)	CH3OCH3	46.069	14045	12793	32.66	29.75	1660	0.12182	Diesel substitute	GPSA Sec 23
SAF / Jet A	(CnH2n+2 mix)	170	18664	18400	43.4	42.8	-	-	Sustainable Aviation Fuel; ASTM D7566	ASTM D7566; Jet A spec
Diesel #2	(CnH2n+2 mix)	200	19500	18250	45.34	42.43	-	-	ASTM D975	ASTM D975
Gasoline (Reg)	(C8H18 surr)	114.2	20300	18900	47.21	43.95	-	-	ASTM D4814	ASTM D4814
Biodiesel (B100)	(FAME mix)	295	17000	16100	39.54	37.45	-	-	ASTM D6751	ASTM D6751
Coal (bituminous)	varies	-	13000	12500	30.23	29.07	-	-	Range: 11-14k Btu/lb	Perry's Ch 27
Wood (dry)	C6H10O5 surr	-	8500	7900	19.77	18.37	-	-	Bone-dry biomass	Perry's Ch 27
Carbon Monoxide	CO	28.01	4347	4347	10.11	10.11	322	0.07399	Syngas component	GPSA Sec 23

Notes Conversions

Source: Fuel_Heating_Values_Reference_v1.xlsx

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