Inflection Point Engineering Section 5 — Piping

General Piping Design

IPE Engineering Practice IPE-EP-5-1-1

Document number: IPE-EP-5-1-1 · Section: 5 — Piping

SCOPE

2.0 REFERENCES

The latest edition of the following standards and publications are referred to herein.

STANDARDS AND PUBLICATIONS

IPE Engineering Practices IPE Engineering Practices
EP 1–1–3 Deviations to IPE Engineering Practices
EP 2–3–2 Supplemental Requirements for Drawings - CAD Drawing Title Blocks
EP 3–7–1 Pressure Relieving Systems
EP 5–1–2 Piping Layout
EP 5–1–3 Piping Stress Analysis and Supports
EP 5–1–4 Standard Piping Supports
EP 5–1–5 Piping System Line Numbering
EP 5–2–1 Selection of Piping Components and Materials
EP 5–2–2 Flanges, Gaskets and Bolting
EP 5–2–3 IPE Piping Standards
EP 5–2–4 Supplemental Requirements for Pipe and Piping Components
EP 5–3–1 Valve Design and Selection Criteria
EP 5–3–2 Valve Data Sheets
EP 5–3–3 Gate Valves
EP 5–3–4 Cast Iron and Ductile Iron Gate Valves, Flanged Ends
EP 5–3–5 Globe Valves
EP 5–3–6 Compact and Extended Body Steel Gate and Globe Valves
EP 5–3–7 Bellows Seal Valves
EP 5–3–8 Check Valves
EP 5–3–9 Plug Valves
EP 5–3–10 Ball Valves
EP 5–3–11 Butterfly Valves for Hydrocarbon Services
EP 5–3–12 Butterfly Valves for Utility Service
EP 5–3–13 Cyclic Reformer Motor Operated Valves

STANDARDS AND PUBLICATIONS (CONTINUED)

IPE Engineering Practices (Continued) IPE Engineering Practices (Continued)
EP 5–3–14 Pressure Relief Valves
EP 5–3–15 Rupture Disk Devices
EP 5–3–16 Three–Way Valves for Tandem PRV Installations
EP 5–3–17 Control Valves, Actuators and Accessories
EP 5–3–18 FCCU Flue Gas Block and Bypass Valves
EP 5–3–19 FCCU Slide Valves
EP 5–3–20 Double–Flanged High Performance Rotary Valves for Hydrocarbon Service
EP 5–3–21 Supplemental Requirements for Valves
EP 5–3–23 Valve Packing
EP 5–3–24 Valve Inspection and Testing
EP 5–4–1 Metal Expansion Joints
EP 5–4–2 Fabric Expansion Joints
EP 5–4–3 Supplemental Requirements for Expansion Joints
EP 5–4–4 Flexible Metal Hoses
EP 5–4–5 Strainers for Rotating and Other Rotating Equipment
EP 5–5–1 Piping Fabrication
EP 5–5–2 Welding Requirements for Piping
EP 5–5–3 Piping Erection and Testing
EP 5–5–5 Supplemental Fabrication Requirements for Jacketed Piping
EP 5–5–6 Supplemental Requirements for Fabricated Piping
EP 5–5–7 Supplemental Requirements for Pneumatic Testing of New Piping Systems
EP 5–5-8 Supplemental Requirements for ASME Code Section 1 Piping
EP 5–6–1 Piping for Atmospheric and Low Pressure Storage Tanks
EP 5–6–2 Piping for Rotating Equipment
EP 5–6–2 Auxiliary Rotating Equipment
EP 5–6–3 Piping for Fired Heaters
EP 5–6–4 Piping for Pressure Relief Systems
EP 5–6–5 Piping for Instruments
EP 5–6–6 Steam Piping
EP 5–6–7 Steam Traps
EP 5–6–8 Steam Tracing
EP 5–7–1 Hot Taps
EP 5–7–2 Tie–Ins
EP 5–8–1 Piping and Design of Manual Sampling Systems
EP 5–9–1 Design and Installation of Non–Metallic Piping
EP 5–9–2 Plastic–Lined Metallic Pipe
EP 5–9–3 Cement–Lined Metallic Pipe
EP 5–10–1 Supplemental Requirements for Piping in HF–Service (Phillips)
EP 5–10–2 Supplemental Requirements for Piping in HF–Service (UOP)

STANDARDS AND PUBLICATIONS (CONTINUED)

IPE Engineering Practices (Continued) IPE Engineering Practices (Continued)
EP 5–11–2
EP 5–11–3
EP 5–11–4
EP 5–11–5
EP 5–11–6
EP 5–11–7
EP 8–2–1
EP 10-2-2
EP 12–1–1
EP 12–2–1		 Inspection, Repair, Alteration, and Rerating of In–Service Piping Systems On–Stream Leak Repairs of Piping Components
Installation of Repair Patches and Sleeves
Valve Reconditioning - Gate, Globe, Check, Ball and Plug Valves Valve Reconditioning - Pressure Relief Valves
Valve Reconditioning - FCCU Slide Valves Fired Heaters
Supplemental Material Requirements for Metallic Materials Control Systems
Control Systems Installation
ASME Codes ASME Codes
Section I Power Boilers
B31.1 Power Piping
B31.3 Process Piping
B31.4 Pipeline Transportation Systems for Liquid Hydrocarbons and Other Liquids
ASME/ANSI ASME/ANSI
B16.5 Pipe Flanges and Flanged Fittings
API Publications API Publications
Std 570 Piping Inspection Code
Std 594 Check Valves: Wafer, Wafer–Lug and Double Flanged Type
Std 599 Metal Plug Valves - Flanged and Welding Ends
Std 600 Steel Gate Valves, Flanged and Butt-Welding Ends Bolted and Pressure Seal
Bonnets
Std 602 Compact Steel Gate Valves – Flanged, Threaded, Welding and Extended Body
Ends
Std 603 Class 150, Cast, Corrosion–Resistant, Flanged-End Gate Valves
Std 604 Ductile Iron Gate Valves, Flanged Ends
Std 608 Metal Ball Valves - Flanged, Threaded and Butt-welding Ends
Std 609 Butterfly Valves: Double Flanged, Lug– and Wafer–Type
NFPA Codes NFPA Codes
No. 30 Flammable and Combustible Liquids Code

DEFINITIONS

GENERAL PIPING DESIGN

Figure

Requirements governing general layout and arrangement features for piping systems is covered in EP 5–1–2.

Requirements for stress analysis of piping systems and design and location requirements for piping supports is covered in EP 5–1–3.

Design and Fabrication details for standard piping supports such as shoes, trunions, guides and anchors are covered in EP 5–1–4.

Requirements for numbering piping systems are covered in EP 5–1–5.

PIPING SELECTION AND PURCHASE GUIDELINES

The selection of pipe and piping components for general service categories are covered in EP 5–2–3.

Supplemental requirements including data to be furnished by the Purchaser, the Manufacturer’s responsibility, documentation, marking, packaging and shipping for pipe and piping components are covered in EP 5–2–4. This Practice shall be used in conjunction with EP 5–2–3 to purchase these components.

Valve data sheets for all valves contained in IPE Piping Standards, see EP 5–2–2, are provided in EP 5–3–2. The data sheets included in this Practice are suitable for procurement and should be included in all Purchase Orders for valves. In addition, criteria for

completing valve data sheets for specialty valves (safety valves, reformer MOV’s and FCCU slide valves) are given in the respective valve Practices. Requirements for Hydrofluoric Acid (HF) Service for the Phillips process are covered in EP 5–10–1.

Mandatory requirements governing the design, fabrication, inspection, testing, and installation of metal flexible hoses are covered in EP 5–4–4.

VALVES

Requirements governing the design and inspection of steel gate valves furnished to API 600 and Corrosion Resistant Valves furnished to API 603 are covered in EP 5–3–3.

Requirements governing the design, inspection and testing of cast or fabricated (wrought or forged) cyclic reformer motor operator valves are covered in EP 5–3–13.

Requirements governing the design and inspection of compact and extended body steel gate and globe valves furnished to API 602, in sizes NPS 2 and smaller, with threaded, socket welding, or extended butt welding ends are covered in EP 5–3–6.

Requirements governing the design and inspection of flanged ductile iron gate valves furnished to API 604 are covered in EP 5–3–4.

Requirements governing the design, inspection, and testing of steel flanged or buttwelding end globe valves are covered in EP 5–3–5.

Requirements governing the design inspection and testing of Bellows Seal gate and globe valves in sizes NPS 2 and smaller, with threaded, socket welding, or extended butt welding end are covered in EP 5–3–7.

Requirements governing the design, inspection and testing of steel or ductile iron, single and dual plate check valves per API 594 are covered in EP 5–3–8.

Requirements governing the design, inspection and testing of hard or soft–seated steel and ductile iron plug valves per API 599 are covered in EP 5–3–9.

Requirements governing the design, inspection and testing of steel ball valves per API 608 are covered in EP 5–3–10.

Requirements governing the design, inspection and testing of high performance butterfly valves for hydrocarbon service per API 609 are covered in EP 5–3–11.

Requirements governing the design, inspection and testing of butterfly valves for water service are covered in EP 5–3–12.

Requirements governing the design, inspection and testing of FCCU Slide Valves are covered in EP 5–3–19.

Requirements governing the design, inspection and testing of control valves are covered in EP 5–3–17.

Supplemental requirements including data to be furnished by the Purchaser, the Manufacturer’s responsibility, documentation, marking, packaging and shipping for valves are covered in

EP 5–3–21. Specific requirements for each valve type are provided in a separate Practice.

Requirements for three–way valves are covered in EP 5–3–16. Tandem pressure relief valves (PRV), which are designed to insure that one pressure relief valve in the tandem set is open while the other is isolated for maintenance and/or testing, are covered in this Practice.

Requirements covering stem packing for valves are covered in EP 5–3–23.

Requirements for inspection and testing of valves are covered in EP 5–3–24. These requirements include: procedures for pressure testing, material hardness limitations for valves in Aggressive Environmental Services, and casting quality and inspection guide and inspection guidelines for valves.

Requirements governing the design, inspection and testing of flue gas block and bypass valves are covered in EP 5–3–18.

Mandatory requirements governing the design, inspection, and testing of double flanged rotary valves (butterfly) for hydrocarbon service are covered in EP 5–3–20.

Requirements covering valve reconditioning of manual valves are covered in EP 5–11–5.

Requirements covering valve reconditioning of pressure relief valves (PRV) are covered in EP 5–11–6.

Requirements covering valve reconditioning of FCCU slide valves are covered in EP 5–11–7..

EXPANSION JOINTS

Requirements governing the design, fabrication, inspection, and testing of circular and rectangular metal bellows expansion joints are covered in EP 5–4–1.

Requirements governing the design, fabrication, inspection, and testing of circular and rectangular fabric expansion joints are covered in EP 5–4–2.

Supplemental requirements including data to be furnished by the Purchaser, the Manufacturer’s responsibility, documentation, marking, packaging and shipping for metal and fabric expansion joints are covered in EP 5–4–3.

PIPING FABRICATION, WELDING, ERECTION AND TESTING

5–2–1. Selection of furnace tube materials is covered in EP 8–2–1.

Requirements for welding of piping assemblies are covered in EP 5–5–2. Additional requirements for seal welding and welding of pipe supports are also covered by this Practice.

Requirements for field erection, testing, inspection, and cleaning of fabricated metallic piping are covered in EP 5–5–3.

Supplementary requirements for ASME Code Section I Piping associated with Power Boilers are covered by EP 5–5-8.

Supplemental fabrication requirements for jacketed piping systems are covered in EP 5–5–5.

Supplemental requirements including data to be furnished by the Purchaser, the Manufacturer’s responsibility, documentation, marking, packaging and shipping for shop or field fabricated piping assemblies are covered in EP 5–5–6. This Practice shall also be used for the purchase of furnace tube coils.

Supplemental pneumatic testing requirements for piping systems constructed to the ASME B31 Piping Codes are covered in EP 5–5–7.

HOT TAPS AND TIE–INS

Requirements governing the design, location, inspection and testing of pressure tap connections (hot taps) on piping, pressure vessels, and tankage are covered in EP 5–7–1.

Requirements governing the design and inspection and testing of tie–ins for new piping systems are covered in EP 5–7–2.

10.0 PIPING FOR ATMOSPHERIC STORAGE TANKS AND LOW PRESSURE STORAGE VESSELS

Requirements governing the design, layout and arrangement of piping connected to atmospheric storage tanks or low pressure storage vessels are covered in EP 5–6–1.

PIPING AND STRAINERS FOR ROTATING EQUIPMENT

Requirements governing the design, fabrication, inspection and testing of the following piping systems are covered in EP 5–6–2

Design, fabrication, installation and inspection requirements of auxiliary piping associated with compressors, centrifugal fans, turbines, engines, gears, and pressurized lube and seal oil systems are covered in EP 5–6–2.

Requirements governing the design and application of temporary and permanent strainers for the protection of equipment are covered in EP 5–4–5. This basic Practice does not cover metal screen or porous media filters with openings finer than 150 mm.

12.0 PIPING FOR FIRED HEATERS

Requirements governing the design, layout and arrangement of piping systems connected to fired heaters, including fuel gas systems, are covered in EP 5–6–3.

REQUIREMENTS FOR IN–SERVICE PIPING SYSTEMS

Requirements for inspection, repair, alteration, and rerating of in–service piping systems are covered in EP 5–11–2. This Practice is a supplement to API 570.

Requirements for performing on–stream repairs leaks in flanges and valve packing are covered in EP 5–11–3. In addition, the on–stream repairs for pipe flanges covered in EP 5–11–3 can be used for pressure vessel nozzle and girth flanges.

Requirements governing the design and installation of surface repair patches and sleeves that are fillet welded directly to the pipe, and flush insert patches that are butt welded directly to the pipe, and flush insert patches that are butt welded to the pipe are covered in EP 5–11–4. The requirements of EP 5–11–4 apply to damaged areas that are either in–service or out–of–service and are not leaking.

Requirement covering the evaluation and reuse of in-service piping systems constructed to the ASME B31 Piping Codes are covered in EP 5–11–2.

PIPING FOR STEAM SYSTEMS

Requirements governing the design, layout and arrangement of steam piping systems are covered in EP 5–6–6.

Requirements for the selection and use of steam traps are covered in EP 5–6–7.

Requirements governing the design, layout and arrangement of steam tracing systems are covered in EP 5–6–8.

GUIDELINES FOR PRESSURE RELIEF PIPING SYSTEMS

PIPING FOR INSTRUMENTS

17.0 PIPING AND DESIGN OF MANUAL SAMPLING SYSTEMS

Requirements governing the design, layout and arrangement of piping and manual sampling systems are covered in EP 5–8–1.

DESIGN AND INSTALLATION OF NON–METALLIC PIPE

19.0 DESIGN AND INSTALLATION OF CEMENT LINED PIPE

Requirements governing the design and installation of cement lined pipe and fittings are covered in EP 5–9–3.

SUPPLEMENTAL REQUIREMENTS FOR PIPING IN HF SERVICE

Supplemental requirements for piping in HF service for the Phillips process are covered in

EP 5–10–1. The format of this recommended practice closely follows the Phillips HF Specification to facilitate use with existing facilities.

Supplemental requirements for piping in HF service for UOP process are covered in

EP 5–10–2. The format of this recommended practice closely follows the UOP HF Specification to facilitate use with existing facilities.

TABLES

Figure

TABLE 2

LINE SIZING CRITERIA FOR LIQUIDS

Service Normal Range Pressure Drop (psi/100 ft) Velocity (ft/sec) Velocity (ft/sec)
Normal Maximum
Pump Suction, Boiling (1) Pump Suction, Subcooled (1) Pump Discharge, General (1) 0.05–0.25 (2)
0.2–0.75 (2)
1.4–3.5		 3 (3)
6 (3)(7)
10		 5 (3)
10 (3)
20 (6)
Cooling Water Headers Cooling Water Branches 0.5
2.0		 10
10		 20 (4)
20 (4)
Liquid to Thermosiphon Reboiler 0.2 4 —
Side–Stream Drawoff 0.05–0.25 4 (3) 10 (3)
Amine, Carbonate, and Sour Water (prevent flashing) — 7 —
Sulfur, Pumped Sulfur Gravity 0.5–3.0 10
2.5		 —
Sulfuric Acid (except as noted)
Sulfuric Acid 93% to 99.6% (steel) less than 120F		 —
—		 —
—		 5
1
Hydrofluoric Acid (carbon steel) — — 10
Sodium Hydroxide, up to 30%
30% to 50%
50% to 73%		 —
—
—		 6
5
4		 —
—
—
Sulfur Slurry — — 4 (5)

NOTES:

TABLE 3

SIZING CRITERIA FOR GASES AND STEAM

Service Normal Range Pressure Drop (psi/100 ft) Velocity (ft/sec) Velocity (ft/sec)
Normal Maximum
General Gases and Vapors Less than 15 psia (vacuum) Up to 100 psig
100 psig to 1,000 psig
Over 1,000 psig		 0.05–0.25 (1)
0.25 - 0.50 (1)
0.50–2.0 (1)
0.2% P (1)		 200 - 250
150 - 200
100 - 150
100		 50% Vs (2)
50% Vs (2)
50% Vs (2)
50% Vs (2)
SO2 and SO3 Process Gas — 50 - 90 -
Compressor Suctions Reciprocating Centrifugal % P
% P		 20 - 40
40 - 80		 7% Vs (2)
13% Vs (2)
Steam
Saturated, less than 50 psig 1%P (1)
50 d 100 d (3)
50 psig to 250 psig 0.6–1.3 (1)
40 d 100 d (3)
250 psig to 1,000 psig 1.3–3.0 (1)
30 d 100 d (3)
Superheated, above 250 psig 0.7% P
50 d 100 d (3)
Superheated, less than 250 psig (4) (4) (4)

NOTES:

Vs  , sonic velocity (ft/sec) g = 32.17 (lb–ft)/ (lbf–sec 2 )

k = Specific Heat Ratio Cp/Cv

Z = Compressibility Factor R = 1546(ft–lbf)/(lbmole–  R)

T = Absolute Temperature,  R Mw = Molecular Weight

d = nominal diameter in inches

P = Operating Pressure (4) Same as gases and vapors

TABLE 4

LINE SIZING CRITERIA FOR FLUID SOLIDS LINES

Service Description Maximum Velocity (ft/sec)
Catalyst Standpipes Dense - Phase Flow 5.5
Catalyst Carrier Lines Dilute - Phase Flow, Solid Density ≥ 0.5 lbs/ft3 40
Dilute – Phase Flow
Solid Density> 0.5 lbs/ft3		 80
FCCU Flue Gas Lines Solid Density< 0.1 lbs/ft3 120

TABLE 5

LINE SIZING CRITERIA FOR MIXED PHASE FLOW

Service Description Maximum Velocity

(ft/sec)
Liquid, Gas or Vapor Mixture Lines General 75 (1)
Liquid, Gas or Vapor Mixture Lines Reboiler Outlet 40 (2)
Solid Liquid Lines Slurry 8 (3)

NOTES:

Figure

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